almarc |
allegro ist kein MARC-basiertes System. Es war immer schon etwas riskant, ein solches sein zu wollen! Dasselbe gilt für MAB, nur bei MAB sieht es inzwischen jeder - MAB wird abgeschafft. Zwar zugunsten von MARC21, aber die Stimmen werden lauter, in Metadaten-Kreisen, daß auch MARCs Tage gezählt sein sollten. Es stammt aus der Magnetband- und Zettelkatalog-Ära, und das ist deutlich zu sehen und zu fühlen. Diese Themen, so spannend sie sind, sollen hier nicht vertieft werden. Es geht nur darum, sich besser mit MARC-Umgebungen austauschen zu können, denn Austausch zwischen Systemwelten war und ist von hoher Bedeutung, und eine größere Systemwelt als die MARC-Welt gibt es nicht.
Der
Text wurde vor einiger Zeit von der LC bereitgestellt und wird hier leicht
erweitert, aber weitgehend unverändert auf Englisch präsentiert. Dies dürfte
sinnvoll sein, weil niemand, der sich mit MARC beschäftigt, auf Kenntnisse der
englischen Terminologie verzichten kann.
Mit
dem allegro-Standardpaket ab V28.3 bereitgestellt und schon ins Export-Komfortmenü
eingebunden sind die Parameterdateien marcxml.apr und marctxt.apr, mit
denen man allegro-Daten in heute gebräuchlichen Formen exportieren kann,
insbes. auch hierarchische und verknüpfte Untersätze in der für deutsche
MARC-Daten von der DNB projektierten Weise: es entsteht je ein eigener Satz
mit 700 $a$t$n$p.
Außerdem
gibt es schon lange e-usmarc.apr, die vor längerer Zeit für die
Verwendung mit dem Z39-Server geschaffen wurde (aus hierarchischen Untersätzen
wird hierbei aber eine 505 gebildet). Alle diese Parameter benutzen die
Umwandlungstabelle ad-ansel.apt, die OstWest-Codes in die MARC-üblichen
ANSEL-Codes verwandelt.
A Summary of Commonly
Used MARC 21 Fields This is a summary of the MARC 21 tags used
most frequently by libraries. For full listings of all MARC 21 tags,
indicators, and subfield codes, see "MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic
Data" at http://www.loc.gov/marc/.
Terms used in the explanations on these pages:
Tags : The tags (3-digit numbers) are followed by the
names of the fields they represent. In this summary, and in the MARC 21 Format
for Bibliographic Data, if a tag can appear more than once in one bibliographic
record, it is labeled repeatable (R). If it can only be used once, it is
labeled non-repeatable (NR). For example, a catalog record can have several
subjects, so the tags for subject added entries (6XX) are labeled repeatable
(R). Indicators : The use of indicators is explained in fields where
they are used. Indicators are one-digit numbers. Beginning with the 010 field,
in every field -- following the tag -- are two character positions, one for
Indicator 1 and one for Indicator 2. The indicators are not actually defined in
all fields, however. And it is possible that a 2nd indicator will be used,
while the 1st indicator remains undefined (or vice versa). When an indicator is
undefined, the character position will be represented by the character #
(for blank space). Subfield codes : All the data in each field (beginning with the 010
field) is divided into subfields, each of which is preceded by a
delimiter-subfield code combination. The most common subfield codes used with
each tag are shown. Each subfield code is preceded by the character $,
signifying a delimiter. The name of the subfield follows the code, the subfield
content follows immediately thereafter, with no intervening blank. In general, every field MUST have a subfield
'a' ($a). One exception that is often seen is in Field 020 (ISBN), when
the ISBN information (subfield $a) is unavailable but the price (subfield $c)
is known. Some subfields are repeatable. In this summary, repeatability is
noted for only the more common repeatable subfields. Examples follow the explanation for each field. For
clarity only, one space has been placed between the tag and the first
indicator, one space has been placed between the second indicator and the first
subfield code, and one space has been inserted between the subfield code and
the subfield data. In real data, there spaces are not correct and may cause
trouble! 008 siehe unten 010 Library of Congress Control Number --
(LCCN) (NR = Not Repeatable) Indicators undefined. $a -- Library of Congress control number Example: 010 ## $a ###86000988# 020 International Standard Book Number --
(ISBN) (R = Repeatable) Indicators undefined. $a -- International Standard Book Number $c -- Terms of availability (often a price) $z -- Cancelled/invalid ISBN (R) Example: 020 ## $a 0877547637 040 Cataloging source -- (NR) Indicators undefined. $a -- Original cataloging agency $c -- Transcribing agency $d -- Modifying agency (R) Example: 040 ## $a DLC
$c DLC
$d
gwhs 100 Main entry -- Personal name -- (primary
author) (NR; there can be only one
main entry) Indicator 1: Type of personal
name entry element 0 -- Forename 1 -- Surname (this is the most common form) 3 -- Family name Indicator 2 undefined. Indicator
2 obsoleted in 1990. Older records may have 0 or 1 $a -- Personal name $b -- Numeration $c -- Titles and other words associated with a name (R) $q -- Fuller form of name $d -- Dates associated with a name (generally, year of birth-) Example: 100 1# $a Gregory, Ruth W.
$q (Ruth Wilhelme),
$d 1910- 130 Main entry -- Uniform title -- (NR) Indicator 1: Nonfiling
characters 0-9 --
Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles, including spaces)
Indicator 2 undefined.
Indicator 2 became
obsolete in 1990. (See 100 above.) $a -- Uniform title $p -- Name of part/section of a work (R) $l -- Language of a work $s -- Version $f -- Date of a work Example: 130 0# $a Bible.
$p O.T.
$p Psalms.
240 Uniform title (NR) Indicator 1: Uniform title
printed or displayed 0 -- Not printed or displayed 1 -- Printed or displayed (most common) Indicator 2: Nonfiling
characters 0-9 --
Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles, including spaces)
$a -- Uniform title $l -- Language of a work $f -- Date of a work Example: 240 10 $a Ile mystérieuse.
$l
English.
$f 1978 245
Title Statement (NR) Indicator 1: Title added entry
(Should the title be indexed as a
title added entry?)
0 -- No title added entry
(indicates a title main entry; i.e. no author is given)
1 -- Title added entry
(the proper indicator when an author given in 1XX; the most common
situation) Indicator
2: Nonfiling characters
0-9 -- Number of
nonfiling characters present, including spaces; usually set at zero, except
when the title begins with an article; e.g., for The robe, the second indicator
would be set to 4. The letters T, h, e, and the space following them are then
ignored in alphabetizing titles. The record will be automatically filed under
"r" -- for Robe.
$a -- Title proper
$h -- Medium (often used for non-book media)
$n -- Number of part/section of a work (R)
$p -- Name of part/section of a work (R)
$b -- Reminder of title (subtitles, etc.)
$c -- Remainder of title page transcription/Statement of responsibility Example: 245 14 $a The DNA story : $b a documentary history
of gene
cloning
/
$c James
D. Watson, John Tooze. 246 Varying form of title (R) Indicator 1: Note/title added
entry controller 1 -- Note, title added entry 3 -- No note, title added entry Indicator 2: Type of title # -- No information provided 0 -- Portion of title 1 -- Parallel title 4 -- Cover title 8 -- Spine title $a -- Title proper Example: 246 3# $a Four corners power review 250 Edition statement (NR) Indicators undefined. $a -- Edition statement Example: 250 ## $a 6th ed. 260 Publication, distribution, etc. (Imprint)
(R) Indicator 1: Sequence of
publishing statements # -- No information provided Indicator 2: Undefined $a -- Place of publication, distribution, etc. (R) $b -- Name of publisher, distributor, etc. (R) $c -- Date of publication, distribution, etc. (R) Example: 260 ## $a New York :
$b Chelsea
House, $c 1986. 300 Physical description (R) Indicators undefined. $a -- Extent (number of pages) (R) $b -- Other physical details (usually illustration information) $c -- Dimensions (cm.) (R) $e -- Accompanying material (for
example, "teacher's guide" or "manual") Example: 300 ## $a 139 p. :
$b ill.
;
$c 24 cm. 440 Series statement / Added entry--Title
(R) Indicator 1 undefined Indicator 2: Nonfiling
characters 0-9
-- Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles, including
spaces) $a -- Title $v -- Volume number Example: 440 #0 $a Modern critical views ;
$v 26 490 Series statement (No added entry is traced
from field) (R) Indicator 1: Specifies whether series is
traced (whether an 8XX tag is also present, tracing the series differently) 0 -- Series not traced 1 -- Series traced differently (8XX is in record) Indicator 2 undefined. $a -- Series statement (R) $v -- Volume number (R) Example: 490 1# $a Colonial American craftsmen 500 General note (R) Indicators undefined. $a -- General note (Used when no
specialized note field has been defined for the information. Examples: Notes
regarding the index; the source of the title; variations in title; descriptions
of the nature, form, or scope of the item.) Example: 500 ##
$a Includes index. 504 Bibliography, etc. note (R) Indicators undefined. $a -- Bibliography, etc. note Example:
504 ## $a Includes bibliographical
references. 505 Formatted contents note (R) Indicator 1: Type of contents
note 0 -- Complete contents 1 -- Incomplete contents (used with
multivolume set when some volumes are not yet published) 2 -- Partial contents Indicator 2: Level of content
designation # -- Basic $a -- Formatted contents note Example: 505 0# $a Pride and prejudice -- Emma
--
Northanger Abbey. 520 Summary, etc. note (R) Indicator 1: Display constant
controller # -- Summary 1 -- Review 2 -- Scope and content 3 -- Abstract Indicator 2 undefined $a -- Summary, abstract, or annotation $b -- Expansion of summary note Example: 520 ## $a This basic guide to parliamentary
procedure tells how to conduct
and
participate in a meeting
properly. 600 Subject added entry -- Personal name
(R) Indicator 1: Type of personal
name entry element 0 -- Forename 1 -- Surname (this is the most common form) 3 -- Family name Indicator
2: Subject heading system/thesaurus (identifies the specific list or file which
was used) 0 -- Library of Congress Subject Headings 1 -- LC subject headings for children's literature 2 -- Medical Subject Headings 3 -- National Agricultural Library subject authority file 4 -- Source not specified 5 -- Canadian Subject Headings 6 -- Répertoire de vedettes-matière 7 -- Source specified in subfield $2 $a -- Personal name (surname and forename) $b -- Numeration $c -- Titles and other words associated with a name (R) $q -- Fuller form of name $d -- Dates associated with a name (generally, year of birth) $t -- Title of a work $v -- Form subdivision (R) $x -- General subdivision (R) $y -- Chronological subdivision (R) $z -- Geographic subdivision (R) $2 -- Source of heading or term (used
with 2nd indicator of 7, for ex. "sears") Example: 600 10 $a Shakespeare, William, $d 1564-1616
$x
Comedies
$x Stage
history. Example: 600 10 $a Shakespeare, William,
$d
1564-1616
$x
Knowledge $z Rome
$v
Congresses. Notice that subfields $v, $x, and $z in the 600 field are repeatable.
Subfields $v, $x, $y, and $z do not have to be in alphabetical order. They will
be in the order prescribed by the instructions given by the subject heading
system. 610 Subject added entry -- Corporate name
(R) Indicator 1: Type of
corporate name entry element 0 -- Inverted name (not used with AACR2) 1 -- Jurisdiction name 2 -- Name in direct order Indicator 2: Subject heading
system/thesaurus. See indicator 2 under 600 $a -- Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element $b -- Subordinate unit (R) $v -- Form subdivision (R) $x -- General subdivision (R) $y -- Chronological subdivision (R) $z -- Geographic subdivision (R) $2 -- Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator of 7) Example: 610 10 $a United States.
$b Army
Air Forces
$v
Biography. 650 Subject added entry -- Topical term (Most
subject headings fit here.) (R) Indicator 1: Level of subject
# -- No information provided Indicator 2: Subject heading
system/thesaurus (identifies the specific list
or file which was used) 0 -- Library of Congress Subject Headings 1 -- LC subject headings for children's literature 2 -- Medical Subject Headings 3 -- National Agricultural Library subject authority file 4 -- Source not specified 5 -- Canadian Subject Headings 6 -- Répertoire de vedettes-matière 7 -- Source specified in subfield $2 $a -- Topical term $v -- Form subdivision (R) $x -- General subdivision (R) $y -- Chronological subdivision (R) $z -- Geographic subdivision (R) $2 -- Source of heading or term used with 2nd indicator of 7) Example: 650 #0 $a Theater
$z United
States
$v
Biography
$v
Dictionaries. Notice that subfields $v, $x, and $z in the 650 field are repeatable.
Subfields $v, $x, $y, and $z do not have to be in alphabetical order. They will
be in the order prescribed by the instructions given by the subject heading
system. 651 Subject added entry -- Geographic name
(R) Indicator 1: undefined. Indicator 2: Subject heading
system/thesaurus. See indicator 2 under 600 $a -- Geographic name $v -- Form subdivision (R) $x -- General subdivision (R) $y -- Chronological subdivision (R) $z -- Geographic subdivision (R) $2 -- Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator of 7) Example: 651 #0 $a United States
$x History
$v
Chronology. Notice that subfields $v, $x, and $z in the 651 field are repeatable.
Subfields $v, $x, $y, and $z do not have to be in alphabetical order. They will
be in the order prescribed by the instructions given by the subject heading
system. 700 Added entry -- Personal name (R) Indicator 1: Type of personal
name entry element 0 -- Forename 1 -- Surname (this is the most common form) 3 -- Family name Indicator 2: Type of added
entry # -- No information provided (most common; co-authors, editors, etc.) 2 -- Analytical entry (The values for
Indicator 2 changed in 1994 with Format Integration, and older records may
display additional values. An analytical entry involves an author/title of an
item contained in a work.) $a -- Personal name $b -- Numeration $c -- Titles and other words associated with a name (R) $q -- Fuller form of name $d -- Dates associated with a name (generally, year of birth) $t -- Title of a work $n -- Number of part/section of a work $p -- Name of part/section of a work $e -- Relator term (such as ill.) (R) $4 -- Relator code (R) Example: 700 1# $a Baldridge, Letitia. 710 Added entry -- Corporate name (R) Indicator 1: Type of corporate
name entry element 0 -- Inverted name (not used with AACR2) 1 -- Jurisdiction name 2 -- Name in direct order Indicator 2: Type of added
entry. See Indicator 2 under 700 # -- No information provided 2 -- Analytical entry $a -- Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element $b -- Subordinate unit (R) Example: 710 2# $a Sunburst Communications (Firm) 740 Added entry -- Uncontrolled
related/analytical title (R) Indicator 1: Nonfiling
characters 0-9
-- Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles, including
spaces) Indicator 2:Type of added
entry. See Indicator 2 under 700 # -- No information provided 2 -- Analytical entry (This field was redefined in 1994 with Format Integration. Prior to
1994, the field was also used for variant titles, such as a different wording
on a spine title. In records created since Format Integration, those variant
tiles appear in a 246 field.) $a -- Title Example: 740 02 $a Uncle Vanya. 800 Series added entry -- Personal name
(R) Indicator 1: Type of personal
name entry element 0 -- Forename 1 -- Surname 3 -- Family name Indicator 2 undefined. $a -- Personal name $b -- Numeration $c -- Titles and other words associated with a name (R) $q -- Fuller form of name $d -- Dates associated with a name (generally, year of birth) $t -- Title of a work (the series) $v -- Volume number Example: 800 1# $a Fisher, Leonard Everett.
$t
Colonial American craftsmen. 830 Series added entry -- Uniform title
(R) Indicator 1 undefined. Indicator 2: Nonfiling
characters 0-9
-- Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles, including
spaces) $a -- Uniform title $v -- Volume number Example: 830 #0 $a Railroads of America (Macmillan) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other Fields Often Seen in MARC Records 001
Control number 003
Control number identifier 005
Date and time of latest transaction 006
Fixed-length data elements -- additional material characteristics 007
Physical description fixed field 008
Fixed length data elements (See Part X) 022
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 037
Source of acquisition 041
Language code 043
Geographic area code 050
Library of Congress call number 060
National Library of Medicine call number 082
Dewey Decimal classification number (the one recommended by the Library
of Congress; locally-assigned call numbers may appear elsewhere) 110
Main entry -- Corporate name (less frequent under AACR2 rules) 256
Computer file characteristics 263
Projected publication date (indicates
a CIP (Cataloging in Publication) record) 306
Playing time 508
Creation/production credits note 510
Citation/references note (review sources) 511
Participant or performer note 521
Target audience note (first indicator: 0 = reading grade level, 1 =
interest age level, 2 = interest grade level, 3 = special audience
characteristics, 4 = motivation interest level) 530
Additional physical form available note 538
System details note 586
Awards note 656
Index term -- Occupation 730
Added entry -- Uniform title 852
Location 856
Electronic location and access 9XX
Reserved for local use. (They are used by vendors, systems, or
individual libraries to exchange additional data) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Leader There are 24 positions in the Leader, numbered
from 00 to 23. For fuller explanation, see the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic
Data. 00-04 Record length (calculated by the computer for each record) 05 Record status a = increase in encoding level c = corrected or revised d = deleted n = new p = increase in encoding from
prepublication (previous CIP) 06 Type of record a = language material c = printed music d = manuscript music e = cartographic material f = manuscript cartographic
material g = projected medium i = nonmusical sound recording j = musical sound recording k = 2-dimensional nonprojectable
graphic m = computer file o = kit p = mixed materials r = 3-dimensional artifact or
naturally occurring object t = manuscript language material 07 Bibliographic level a = monographic component part b = serial component part c = collection d = subunit i = integrating resource m = monograph/item s = serial 08 Type of control # = no specified type a = archival 09 Character coding scheme # = MARC-8 a = UCS/Unicode 10 Indicator count (always "2") 11 Subfield code count (always "2") 12-16 Base address of data
(calculated by the computer for each record) 17 Encoding level # = full level 1 = full level, material not
examined 2 = less-than-full level,
material not examined 3 = abbreviated level 4 = core level 5 = partial (preliminary) level 7 = minimal level 8 = prepublication level (CIP) u = unknown z = not applicable 18 Descriptive cataloging form # = non-ISBD a = AACR2 i = ISBD u = unknown 19 Multipart resource record level # = not specified or not
applicable a = Set [main record for the multipart work as a
whole] b = Part with independent title c = Part with dependent title 20 Length of the length-of-field portion (always
"4") 21 Length of the starting-character-position portion (always "5") 22 Length of the implementation-defined portion (always "0") 23 Undefined (always "0") --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field 008 for Books Field 008 is used for Fixed Length Data Elements ("Fixed Field
Codes"). There are 40 character positions in field 008, numbered from 00-39. Undefined positions must contain either a blank (#) or a fill character
( | ). Positions 00-17 and 35-39 are defined the same way for all media. The information shown here for positions 18-34 applies only to books.
For explanation of all the positions below and for positions 18-34 for other
media, see the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data. Note that field 008 has no indicators or subfield codes. 00-05 Date entered on file (YYMMDD), where Y=year, M=month, and
D=day 06 Type of date/publication status: b = no dates given; B.C. date
involved e = detailed date s = single known date/probable
date m = multiple dates r = reprint/reissue date (Date 1)
and original date (Date 2) n = dates unknown q = questionable date t = publication date and
copyright date | = no attempt to code 07-10 Date 1/beginning date of
publication 11-14 Date 2/ending date of publication Date fields contain the year(s) of publication. The type of date(s) in
these elements are specified in fixed field element 06: Type of
date/publication status. (For further details, see the field 008 description in
the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data.) 15-17 Place of publication, production, or
execution For example: pk# = Pakistan cau = California (US) (For a full list of codes used in these positions, see the MARC Code
List for Countries.) 18-21 Illustrations (up to 4 codes): # = no illustrations a = illustrations b = maps c = portraits d = charts e = plans f = plates g = music h = facsimiles i = coats of arms j = genealogical tables k = forms l = samples m = phonodisc, phonowire, etc. o = photographs p = illuminations | = no attempt to code 22 Target audience: # = unknown or not specified a = preschool b = primary c = pre-adolescent d = adolescent e = adult f = specialized g = general j = juvenile | = no attempt to code 23 Form of item: # = none of the following a = microfilm b = microfiche c = microopaque d = large print f = braille r = regular print reproduction s = electronic | = no attempt to code 24-27 Nature of contents (up to 4): # = no specified nature of
contents a = abstracts/summaries b = bibliographies (is one or
contains one) c = catalogs d = dictionaries e = encyclopedias f = handbooks g = legal articles i = indexes j = patent document k = discographies l = legislation m = theses n = surveys of literature o = reviews p = programmed texts q = filmographies r = directories s = statistics t = technical reports u = standards/specifications v = legal cases and notes w = law reports and digests z = treaties | = no attempt to code 28 Government publication: # = not a government publication i = international
intergovernmental f = federal/national a = autonomous or semi-autonomous
component s = state, provincial, territorial,
dependent, etc. m = multistate c = multilocal l = local z = other type of government
publication o = government publication --
level undetermined u = unknown if item is government
publication | = no attempt to code 29 Conference publication: 0 = not a conference publication 1 = conference publication | = no attempt to code 30 Festschrift: 0 = not a festschrift 1 = festschrift | = no attempt to code 31 Index:
0 = no index 1 = index present | = no attempt to code 32 Undefined (since 1990) (Earlier
records may contain the values 0 or 1) # = Undefined | = no attempt to code 33 Literary form: 0 = not fiction (not further
specified) 1 = fiction (not further
specified) c = comic strips d = dramas e = essays f = novels h = humor, satires, etc. i = letters j = short stories m = mixed forms p = poetry s = speeches u = unknown | = no attempt to code 34 Biography:
# = no biographical material a = autobiography b = individual biography c = collective biography d = contains biographical
information | = no attempt to code 35-37 Language: A three-letter code. For example: eng fre ger spa rus ita (For a full list of codes used in these positions, see the MARC Code List
for Languages.) 38 Modified record: # = not modified x
= missing characters (because of characters unavailable in MARC character set) s = shortened d = "dashed-on"
information omitted r = completely romanized/printed
cards in script o = completely romanized/printed
cards romanized | = no attempt to code 39 Cataloging source: # = national bibliographic agency
c = cooperative cataloging
program d = other sources u = unknown | = no attempt to code |